Legislation
LEGISLATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) is the only legally binding international anti-corruption multilateral treaty.
Negotiated by member states of the United Nations (UN) it has been adopted by the UN General Assembly in October 2003 and entered into force in December 2005.
The United Nations Convention against Corruption is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. The Convention's far-reaching approach and the mandatory character of many of its provisions make it a unique tool for developing a comprehensive response to a global problem. The Convention covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence, abuse of functions, and various acts of corruption in the private sector.
They recognise the importance of both preventive and punitive measures, addresses the cross-border nature of corruption with provisions on international cooperation and on the return of the proceeds of corruption.
UNCAC was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 31 October 2003 by Resolution 58/4. It was opened for signature in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico, from 9–11 December 2003 and thereafter at UN headquarters in New York City. It was signed by 140 countries. As of August 2018, there are 186 parties, which includes 181 UN member states, the Cook Islands, Niue, the Holy See, the State Palestine, and the European Union.
As of August 2018, the 12 UN member states that have not ratified the convention are (asterisk indicates that the state has signed the convention):
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Andorra
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Barbados*
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Eritrea
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Monaco
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North Korea
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Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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San Marino
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Somalia
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Suriname
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Syria*
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Tonga
Legislation:
1.The United Nations Convention against Corruption (in English)
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (in Russian)
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (in French)
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (in Spanish)
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (in Arabic)
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (in Chinese)
2. 1/1-1/8 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its first session, held in Amman from 10 to 14 December 2006 (in English)
3. 2/1-2/4 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its second session, held in Nusa Dua, Indonesia, from 28 January to 1 February 2008 (in English)
4. 3/1-3/4 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its third session, held in Doha from 9 to 13 November 2009 (in English)
5.4/1-4/6 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its fourth session, held in Marrakech, Morocco, from 24 to 28 October 2011 (in English)
6. 5/1-5/6 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its fifth session, held in Panama City from 25 to 29 November 2013 (in English)
7. 6/1-6/10 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its sixth session, held in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, from 2 to 6 November 2015 (in English)
8. 7/1-7/8 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its seventh session, held in Vienna, Austria, from 6 to 10 November 2017 (in English)
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (in Russian)
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (in French)
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (in Spanish)
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (in Arabic)
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (in Chinese)
2. 1/1-1/8 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its first session, held in Amman from 10 to 14 December 2006 (in English)
3. 2/1-2/4 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its second session, held in Nusa Dua, Indonesia, from 28 January to 1 February 2008 (in English)
4. 3/1-3/4 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its third session, held in Doha from 9 to 13 November 2009 (in English)
5.4/1-4/6 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its fourth session, held in Marrakech, Morocco, from 24 to 28 October 2011 (in English)
6. 5/1-5/6 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its fifth session, held in Panama City from 25 to 29 November 2013 (in English)
7. 6/1-6/10 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its sixth session, held in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, from 2 to 6 November 2015 (in English)
8. 7/1-7/8 Resolutions adopted by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption : Report of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption on its seventh session, held in Vienna, Austria, from 6 to 10 November 2017 (in English)