Legislation

LEGISLATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) is the only legally binding international anti-corruption multilateral treaty.

Negotiated by member states of the United Nations (UN) it has been adopted by the UN General Assembly in October 2003 and entered into force in December 2005.

EUROPEAN LEGISLATION

The European Union and the Council of Europe have developed and implemented a number of conventions that help regulate the anti-corruption struggle in the public and private sectors.

LEGISLATION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES

The Inter-American Convention Against Corruption (IACAC) was adopted by the member countries of the Organization of American States on 29 March 1996; it came into force on 6 March 1997.

LEGISLATION OF AFRICAN UNION

The African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AUCC) was adopted on 11 July 2003 to fight rampant political corruption on the African continent. Entered into force on 5 August 2006.

CONVENTION OF THE ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)

The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention establishes legally binding standards to criminalise bribery of foreign public officials in international business transactions and provides for a host of related measures that make this effective. It is the first and only international anti-corruption instrument focused on the ‘supply side’ of the bribery transaction.

LEGISLATION OF THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC)

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) Protocol Against Corruption aims to promote and strengthen the development, within each Member State, of mechanisms needed to prevent, detect, punish and eradicate corruption in the public and private sector.

LEGISLATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), enacted in 1977, generally prohibits the payment of bribes to foreign officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business.

LEGISLATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

The Bribery Act 2010 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that covers the criminal law relating to bribery.

LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Russian anti-corruption legislation began to form around the early 2000s. The core normative legal act in the sphere of fighting against corruption is the Federal Law No. 273-FZ as of December 25, 2008 “On Combating Corruption”.

LEGISLATION OF CANADA

Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act, S.C. 1998, c. 34 (CFPOA) came into force on February 14, 1999, in order to meet Canada’s obligations under the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (OECD Convention).

LEGISLATION OF HONG KONG

The Prevention of Bribery Ordinance (Cap. 201) (POBO), enacted in 1971, is the primary anti-bribery legislation in Hong Kong and is enforced by the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC). It contains provisions prohibiting bribery in both the public and private sectors.

LEGISLATION OF IRELAND

The Criminal Justice (Corruption Offences) Act 2018 entered into force on 30 July. It was signed into law by the Irish president, Michael D Higgins, on 5 June.

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